yt:channel:b2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g b2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2013-07-12T12:05:01+00:00 yt:video:bzZdJn7elaU bzZdJn7elaU UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-10-27T00:30:37+00:00 2025-11-05T01:00:49+00:00 Conduction System of the Heart Join the Amoeba Sisters as they introduce the cardiac conduction system! This video mentions conductive cardiac cells (focusing on pacemaker cells) in the SA and AV nodes and discusses general steps of spontaneous depolarization. It also introduces essential components of the heart's conduction system including the Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle), right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. This video assumes students have already seen the Amoeba Sisters Circulatory System video https://youtu.be/_vZ0lefPg_0?si=7fUtCnQxZDIDdFxq TABLE OF CONTENTS: 00:00 Intro 0:56 Pulse 1:14 Reflecting on Heartbeat 1:47 Major Structures and Tissue Review 3:24 Focus on Conductive Cells in Video 3:29 SA Node with Pacemaker Cells 4:05 Membrane Potential 4:41 Funny Current (Pacemaker Current) 5:39 Threshold 5:48 Action Potential in Pacemaker Cells 6:58 AV Node 8:29 Bundle of His and Beyond 8:59 Recap 10:30 ECG (Electrocardiogram) ----------------- Special thanks to Steven Powell, CRNA, for assisting us with script and proofing. FACTUAL REFERENCES: Hall, John E, and Michael E Hall. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed., S.L., Elsevier - Health Science, 2021. Kaplan, Joel A. Kaplan’s Cardiac Anesthesia. Elsevier Health Sciences, 9 June 2023. McCance, Kathryn, and Sue Huether. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. 9th ed., St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2023. Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, NY, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017. --------------- FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS: More about SA node cells appearance? https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/47/4/658/270889 How did the "funny current" get its name? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6987461/ More about HCN channels in the heart? https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC17793/ What about other cells that are in the heart, such as cardiac fibroblasts? https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.019338 ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Intro music purchased and licensed to Amoeba Sisters LLC. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:kpk5wswBPPw kpk5wswBPPw UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-08-29T00:30:41+00:00 2025-09-15T18:17:04+00:00 Comparing Cell Types Review: Animal, Plant, Bacterial, Archaeal, Fungal, and "Protist" Cells Join Pinky and Petunia in a cell types review game! This review game focuses on comparing cell characteristics of animals, plants, fungi, "protists," archaea, and bacteria. Clues may include prokaryote/eukaryote, autotroph/heterotroph, cell wall present or absent, and also whether the cell can make up multicellular organisms, unicellular organisms, or both. At the end, there is a chart that students complete. You can access a free PDF of this chart on www.amoebasisters.com/handouts. ------------- Table of Contents: 0:00 Intro 0:54 Cell Types Introduced 1:22 Multicellular and Unicellular 2:25 Cell 1 3:29 Cell 2 4:18 Cell 3 5:16 Cell 4 6:23 Cell 5 7:26 Cell 6 7:59 Cell Type Chart -------------- This is a video with general cell characteristics commonly taught in high school. These are general cell facts, but you can find more detail about all these cell types on our favorite factual reference, Openstax. Clark, Mary Ann, et al. Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, https://openstax.org/details/books/biology-2e -------------- Exceptions and Notes: The video mentions these are *general* characteristics of each category of cell type, BUT the video also mentions that biology is full of fascinating exceptions. Here are just a few! 🧫 Generally, bacteria and archaea are recognized to have cell walls (although their cell wall composition differ from each other). BUT there are bacteria and archaea that can lack cell walls. Recommended read about bacteria that lack cell walls: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5390494/ We have a video on Archaea here: https://youtu.be/VGcT1-XaWgk?feature=shared 🌱 Plants are generally considered autotrophs. Even carnivorous plants like Venus Fly Traps are fundamentally still autotrophs (and do photosynthesis). Carnivorous plants have the ability to digest insects to get nitrogen or phosphorous, which is not their "food" though it's important for building biomolecules such as protein. Some papers suggest it is possible that they may have some possibility of heterotrophy (being mixotrophic) if they uptake organic carbon from their prey. A paper here that is interesting on that: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12177309/ There are some completely parasitic plants that have no chlorophyll, however, that could be considered a heterotroph. *Why do we put "protist" in quotation marks and mention that this is a very informal group? We have a Short that mentions that and other classification challenges. https://youtube.com/shorts/46jxCxxjxyY?feature=shared ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. Other music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: Thank you to the translators in our community listed below! Romanian Subtitles: Antonia Galea More about translating: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:Eh_6A10Lvn0 Eh_6A10Lvn0 UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-08-01T00:30:09+00:00 2025-08-02T05:43:28+00:00 FREE TRIAL of Amoeba Sisters Virtual Checks UNTIL SEPT 15, 2025 For a limited time, sign up for PocketLab's free trial of Amoeba Sisters Virtual Checks (lasts until Sept. 15, 2025)! https://www.thepocketlab.com/store/pocketlab-notebook-amoeba-sisters 🥳 The Amoeba Sisters Virtual Checks on PocketLab offer an interactive way for students to demonstrate their understanding of our video content! Each Amoeba Sisters Virtual Check goes with one of our videos, and we currently have over 50 available now on PocketLab Notebook! Learn more and see the FREE TRIAL of Amoeba Sisters Virtual Checks on PocketLab Notebook until Sept. 15, 2025 https://www.thepocketlab.com/store/pocketlab-notebook-amoeba-sisters ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:xtijHoN6V_I xtijHoN6V_I UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-07-12T17:01:11+00:00 2025-09-18T01:43:08+00:00 Amoeba Sisters GOLDEN Birthday (12th Birthday) It's our birthday 🎂 and we're turning 12 on the 12th! July 12th to be exact. Join us to celebrate and also hear 12 facts that you may not know about Pinky and Petunia. Expand this for links to things we mentioned in this video! And...just in case you missed our 10th birthday celebration, we had a video for that one too: https://youtu.be/4j65quMPTmo?feature=shared 📕 Our BOOK: https://www.amoebasisters.com/book 🗂️ Our RESOURCES: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?gid=1497057468#gid=1497057468 👕Our MERCH: https://www.amoebasisters.com/store 🧫 Our WEBTOON: https://www.webtoons.com/en/canvas/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479 🌲 And a lot more on our linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. Background music in this video is used with a license from Techsmith Assets. ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🧬 Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:QMBGMUgAqCs QMBGMUgAqCs UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-06-27T00:45:01+00:00 2025-09-01T02:45:57+00:00 Angiosperm (Flowering Plants) Reproduction UPDATED Join the Amoeba Sisters as they introduce angiosperms (flowering plants) before exploring flower parts, pollination, and double fertilization in angiosperms! This video also talks about the importance of pollinators. This is an UPDATED video, but you can still access our OLD 2014 video "plant reproduction in angiosperms" here: https://youtu.be/HLYPm2idSTE?feature=shared Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 1:12 Introducing Angiosperms 1:31 Flowers 1:55 Fruit 2:51 Parts of the Flower 4:10 Importance of Pollinators 4:30 Pollination Steps 5:22 Double Fertilization Steps 6:23 Fruit as End Result 6:40 Seed Dispersal 7:07 Other Categories of Plants ************************** FACTUAL REFERENCES: Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “32.1 Reproductive Development and Structure - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/32-1-reproductive-development-and-structure. Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, NY, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017. ************************** SUGGESTED FURTHER READING/EXPLORATION: Links to explore concepts that go beyond this video! 1. ANGIOSPERM DIVERSITY Are you surprised carnivorous plants are angiosperms (flowering plants)? More here: https://youtube.com/shorts/oMAtRjs3yk4?feature=shared 2. FRUIT EXAMPLES: What is meant by "accessory fruit" like an apple? Accessory fruits develop from the ovary and additional flower parts. Here's a suggestion to learn more about accessory fruits and other types of fruits: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/The_Science_of_Plants_-_Understanding_Pl[…]Grow_(Michaels_et_al.)/08%3A_Fruit/8.01%3A_Fruit_Morphology We mentioned peanuts grow in a way you might not expect! Found this awesome Short showing how peanuts grow in real life: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/dtTiqTTUr3Y 3. POLLEN TUBE: Enzymes involved with pollen tube? https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad522 While our diagram shows the generative cell dividing into two sperm cells while IN the pollen tube, we have a note that's not always the case. You can learn more about the sperm cells and pollen tube here https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3014542/ 4. MORE DETAIL of DOUBLE FERTILIZATION EVENTS We cover the general events of double fertilization but explore more detail here! https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/14-4-seed-plants-angiosperms 5. SEED DISPERSAL How can a seed make it through a digestive tract? https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/27/science/how-can-plant-seeds-survive-the-digestive-process.html How seed dispersal inspired velcro: https://invention.si.edu/invention-stories/george-de-mestral-velcror-inventor 5. OTHER CATEGORIES OF PLANTS: Our video focused on angiosperms. What about other categories of plants like bryophytes or gymnosperms? Check out our plant diversity video here: and we go into many types of categories of plants here: https://youtu.be/A_DF246uVlU?feature=shared ----------------------------------------------- ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️ We have an Amoeba Sisters Virtual Check on this video! Learn more here: https://www.thepocketlab.com/store/pocketlab-notebook-amoeba-sisters 👩‍🔬 Looking for a CLASSROOM LAB KIT that we think would work great with the content from this video? Check out our lab recommendations! https://www.amoebasisters.com/labs ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: Turkish Subtitles Credit: Sevkan Uzel More information about translations: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:s44iiNQQybA s44iiNQQybA UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-05-06T16:52:31+00:00 2025-05-31T01:36:46+00:00 Teacher Appreciation Week #teacherappreciationweek #teacherappreciation #biology #teacher Happy Teacher Appreciation week, teachers! 🍎 We are so grateful for all you do. yt:video:cIQobFHFwcM cIQobFHFwcM UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-05-04T18:00:20+00:00 2025-07-02T19:16:19+00:00 Intro to Cladograms and Phylogenetic Trees Join the Amoeba Sisters as they introduce the basics about cladograms and phylogenetic trees. The Amoeba Sisters walk through the process of building a basic cladogram and mention vocabulary such as: shared ancestral character, shared derived character, clade, and outgroup. Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 1:07 Cladogram Intro 1:19 Building a Cladogram 5:05 Important Cladogram Features 6:00 Cladogram Misconceptions 8:11 Different Arrangements of Cladograms 8:37 Phylogenetic Tree vs Cladogram 9:12 Why Cladograms Matter FACTUAL REFERENCES: Freeman, Scott, and Jon C Herron. Evolutionary Analysis. 5th ed., Upper Saddle River, Nj, Prentice Hall, 2014. Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017. Zedalis, Julianne, and John Eggebrecht. “20.2 Determining Evolutionary Relationships - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 8 Mar. 2018, https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/20-2-determining-evolutionary-relationships ------------------- FURTHER READING: 🫁 *More about lungs: -in frogs and other amphibians: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/29-3-amphibians -in mammals: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/39-3-breathing 🧬 Learn about convergent evolution (and how that could affect a cladogram) from Berkeley: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/similarities-and-differences-understanding-homology-and-analogy-ms/convergent-evolution/ We mention we are using *homologous* structures and that you can learn more about that in our evolution video. ▶️ https://youtu.be/fI7IV3x-dGI?feature=shared The term "homologous" is important because - when building a cladogram - you would NOT want to select an analogous structure (the example image of a butterfly wing and bird wing in convergent evolution). Learn more about that from Berkeley: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/similarities-and-differences-understanding-homology-and-analogy-ms/not-all-similarity-is-homology/ 👁️ Loss of traits? Some organisms lose ancestral traits. How can this happen? An interesting read: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/150911-blind-cavefish-animals-science-vision-evolution *Note: We mention we've observed "phylogenetic tree" and "cladogram" used interchangeably, but some sources consider phylogenetic trees to be more specific (branches representing time scale and more detail). There's a summary box from Berkeley here that mentions these terms as well as others, and gives more insight: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/phylogenetic-systematics/reading-trees-a-quick-review/ ****Three interesting scenarios showing why understanding cladograms and phylogenetic trees can be very important**** (1) and (2) Scroll down to the "Why Does Phylogeny Matter" box from OpenStax here that mentions understanding disease transmission and conservation: https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/12-2-determining-evolutionary-relationships (3) Scroll down to the "Why Does Phylogeny Matter" box from OpenStax AP Biology here that mentions the importance of phylogeny when identifying medicinal plants https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/20-2-determining-evolutionary-relationships ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:-uty1gne6zs -uty1gne6zs UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-04-10T00:30:00+00:00 2025-05-31T12:51:49+00:00 Action Potential Join the Amoeba Sisters as they explore the action potential. This video discusses resting membrane potential before going into the phases of the action potential including vocabulary such as depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. The video also mentions different types of gated ion channels and how the action potential can be propagated. Cell Signaling Video: https://youtu.be/-dbRterutHY?feature=shared Sodium Potassium Pump Video: https://youtu.be/7NY6XdPBhxo?feature=shared Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 0:47 Excitable Cells 1:23 Ions and Travel Across Membrane 1:42 Sodium Potassium Pump 2:43 Leak Channels 3:26 Membrane Potential 4:17 Action Potential Walkthrough 7:23 Initiation and Different Gated Ion Channels 9:07 Action Potential Propagation (in Neuron) FACTUAL REFERENCES: Abdelsayed, Mena, and Stanislav Sokolov. “Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels.” Channels, vol. 7, no. 3, 19 May 2013, pp. 146–152, https://doi.org/10.4161/chan.24380. Betts, J. Gordon, et al. “12.4 the Action Potential - Anatomy and Physiology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 20 Apr. 2022, openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-4-the-action-potential. Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017. Zedalis, Julianne, and John Eggebrecht. “26.2 How Neurons Communicate - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 8 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/26-2-how-neurons-communicate. FURTHER READING: More about epilepsy and medications for this condition that can target ion channels: https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/index.html https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1852436/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20298965/ What about action potential in myelinated neurons? https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/myelin-a-specialized-membrane-for-cell-communication-14367205/ ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:h36poEtEbi4 h36poEtEbi4 UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2025-02-28T01:45:03+00:00 2025-09-04T15:40:31+00:00 Menstrual Cycle Walkthrough: Phases & Hormonal Regulation In this menstrual cycle video, explore the ovarian cycle and uterine cycle with the Amoeba Sisters! This video will walk through major events in phases of the ovarian cycle (follicular phase and luteal phase) and phases of the uterine phase (menstrual flow, proliferative phase, and secretory phase). Then, this video will discuss general hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle with hormones GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone. Video also briefly mentions examples of negative feedback and positive feedback in the menstrual cycle. Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 0:32 Menstrual Cycle Characteristics 1:29 Female Reproductive Structures 2:13 Ovarian Cycle and Uterine Cycle Walkthrough 5:25 Hormonal Control Walkthrough 10:22 Negative and Positive Feedback 10:50 Hormone Levels Chart --------------------- FACTUAL REFERENCES: BAERWALD, A. R., and R. A. PIERSON. “Endometrial Development in Association with Ovarian Follicular Waves during the Menstrual Cycle.” Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 24, no. 4, 1 Sept. 2004, pp. 453–460, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2891966/, https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.1123. Betts, J. Gordon, et al. “Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System.” Anatomy and Physiology 2e, OpenStax, 20 Apr. 2022, openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/27-2-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-ovarian-reproductive-system. Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “43.4 Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/43-4-hormonal-control-of-human-reproduction. Dr. Hala Bastawros, M. D. “Hormones of the Menstrual Cycle.” Iastate.pressbooks.pub, 12 Dec. 2023, iastate.pressbooks.pub/humanreproduction/chapter/female-hormones-on-menstrual-cycle/. Duncan, W Colin. “The Inadequate Corpus Luteum.” Reproduction and Fertility, vol. 2, no. 1, 26 Feb. 2021, pp. C1–C7, https://doi.org/10.1530/raf-20-0044. Hall, John E., and Michael E. Hall. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed., Elsevier, 2011. Kerin, J. “Ovulation Detection in the Human.” Clinical Reproduction and Fertility, vol. 1, no. 1, 1 Mar. 1982, pp. 27–54, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6821195/. Magon, Navneet, and Pratap Kumar. “Hormones in Pregnancy.” Nigerian Medical Journal, vol. 53, no. 4, 2012, p. 179, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640235/, https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.107549. McCance, Kathryn, and Sue Huether. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. 8th ed., St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier, 2019. Thiyagarajan, Dhanalakshmi K, et al. “Physiology, Menstrual Cycle.” National Library of Medicine, StatPearls Publishing, 24 Oct. 2022, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/. White, Bruce, et al. Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 5 Oct. 2018. --------------------- FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS: There are so many details to explore beyond this general video! For example: what about inhibin? Why are the LH and FSH *levels* not identical in that early follicular phase? And how does the mature follicle get selected? You can start here! https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/ https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/27-2-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-ovarian-reproductive-system ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:srpl5YRw-_U srpl5YRw-_U UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2024-12-20T01:30:23+00:00 2025-09-02T14:07:04+00:00 Ecology Review: Food Chains & Webs, Relationships, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, Effects on Biodiversity Join the Amoeba Sisters in this longer review video as they review ecology topics (see topics in table of contents by expanding description ⬇️ ). Topics include food chains, food webs, how energy flows through trophic levels (including the 10% rule), ecological relationships (including parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism), nitrogen and carbon cycles, and examples of how human activity can negatively impact biodiversity (examples include destruction of habitats, invasive species, overharvesting, and greenhouse gas emissions). The video concludes mentioning human efforts that can support and protect biodiversity. Eight questions are asked and answered in this video which can be skipped to in the table of contents. Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 0:54 Topics Covered 1:18 Food Chains 1:45 Energy Pyramid 2:55 Question 1 Energy Pyramid 3:15 Food Webs 3:28 Question 2 Food Web 3:42 Question 3 Food Web 4:58 Question 4 Food Web 5:14 Ecological Relationships 6:52 Question 5 Bat and Pitcher Plant 7:24 Nitrogen Cycle Review 8:41 Question 6 Nitrogen Cycle 9:49 Question 7 Carbon Cycle 9:28 Carbon Cycle Review 10:47 Human Impact on Biodiversity 15:40 Question 8 Human Impact --------------------------- FACTUAL REFERENCES: Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “47.3 Threats to Biodiversity - Biology 2e | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/47-3-threats-to-biodiversity. Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “22.3 Prokaryotic Metabolism - Biology for AP® Courses | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, 28 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/22-3-prokaryotic-metabolism.NOAA. “Ocean Acidification’s Impact on Oysters and Other Shellfish.” Noaa.gov, 2009, www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification 🪸 Coral Bleaching: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html Impacts of Invasive Formosan Termites: “Formosan Subterranean Termites Coptotermes Formosanus.” Urban and Structural Entomology Program at Texas A&M University, urbanentomology.tamu.edu/urban-pests/termites/formosan/. Impacts of Invasive Lionfish: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/southeast/ecosystems/impacts-invasive-lionfish Impacts of Kudzu: https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/terrestrial/plants/kudzu Just a little note on pronouncing "trophic" which has multiple pronunciations: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/trophic https://www.dictionary.com/browse/trophic --------------------------- FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS: Learn more about the microbes within termites here! https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Termite_gut Bats in pitcher plants? 🦇 Learn more about this fascinating relationship! https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3097880/ https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00657-0 Remember how we said that relationships determined to be 'commensalism' could change, based on various factors? For example: what if the "barnacles on a whale" example could have factors that could harm or help the whale? Check these out! 🐋 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/watch-whales-exfoliate-their-skin-on-the-ocean-floor-180982104/ (involving potential of barnacles slowing whales down) 🐋 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00118.x (involving potential of barnacles as "armor") Learn more details about carbon and nitrogen cycles! https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/46-3-biogeochemical-cycles What is meant by saying carbon dioxide "traps" heat? https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/?intent=121 Learn more about human impact that can threaten biodiversity: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/47-3-threats-to-biodiversity Learn more about human efforts to protect and support biodiversity: https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/47-4-preserving-biodiversity ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:Mly3Qw7jIjg Mly3Qw7jIjg UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2024-11-08T01:30:18+00:00 2025-08-07T23:35:15+00:00 Amoeba Sisters Booth at CAST 2024 Plans November 14-16, 2024? We'll be at #STATCAST24 in San Antonio! Come visit with us and, if you have previously purchased our book, bring it along as we'd love to sign it! While we've run out of our own copies, we have info about where to get our book here. https://www.amoebasisters.com/book.html yt:video:yXuw_tKprqo yXuw_tKprqo UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2024-10-18T00:45:03+00:00 2025-11-26T04:02:26+00:00 Amoeba Sisters' Cartoon Guide to Biology - Inside Look of our NEW Book! The Amoeba Sisters have a book! 📕 Dive into the vibrant world of biology with the Amoeba Sisters’ Cartoon Guide to Biology, a delightful fusion between the fun of a comic book and the fundamentals of a textbook. Authored by the dynamic sister duo behind the beloved Amoeba Sisters YouTube channel, this guide features 24 major concepts commonly taught in life sciences courses. Designed to alleviate the intimidation often associated with complex science concepts, this book employs amusing mnemonics, real-world examples, and humorous anecdotes to make biology more approachable and relatable. Learn more on our site: https://www.amoebasisters.com/book Our book is available at: ✨Amazon: https://a.co/d/0d92jwrw Available as a Kindle/E-Book at: ✨Amazon: https://a.co/d/4y2A2al ✨Barnes & Noble: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-amoeba-sisters-cartoon-guide-to-biology-sarina-peterson/1140971497?ean=9781684816569 Available from PocketLab ✨https://www.thepocketlab.com/store/amoeba-sisters-book Our book is currently sold out from Barnes and Noble and Target. ✨Other places to find it? https://www.amoebasisters.com/book ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/pubhtml Our Resources and Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/parameciumparlorcomics Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured Connect with us! Website: https://www.AmoebaSisters.com Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/AmoebaSisters Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AmoebaSisters Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/AmoebaSister­s Webtoon: https://www.webtoons.com/en/challenge/amoeba-sisters-sisterhood/list?title_no=289479&page=1 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amoebasistersofficial/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amoebasistersofficial Visit our Redbubble store at https://www.amoebasisters.com/store TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. COMMUNITY: We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See YouTube's community guidelines and how YouTube handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments. TRANSLATIONS: We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. We also have videos using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our dubbed channels on https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:VpVg_pSPQxE VpVg_pSPQxE UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2024-10-09T14:11:38+00:00 2025-06-07T00:11:00+00:00 Enzymes: Before the Bell Biology Time before the bell to try 7 questions focused on enzymes? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This particular video focuses on enzyme vocabulary (such as active site, substrate, denature) and enzyme action. It builds on concepts from our two enzyme videos here https://youtu.be/qgVFkRn8f10?feature=shared and https://youtu.be/6EDBlowVST0?feature=shared This video's progress bar has divisions in the video to make it easy to skip ahead to another question if you need to move faster, and all questions/explanations are on screen if you prefer to mute the music. Optional handout on https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts and you can find more of our Amoeba Sisters Before the Bell 🔔Biology videos in our playlist HERE https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1HxSDd1lczdBdH8orrrDhB1 Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 0:05 Question 1 0:37 Question 2 1:14 Question 3 2:11 Question 4 3:08 Question 5 4:18 Question 6 5:18 Question 7 Need help with this content? ➡️ https://youtu.be/qgVFkRn8f10?feature=shared ➡️ https://youtu.be/6EDBlowVST0?feature=shared ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles yt:video:_TL8LUxHkTg _TL8LUxHkTg UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2024-10-09T00:45:02+00:00 2025-05-14T08:03:18+00:00 Experimental Design Review: Before the Bell Biology Time before the bell to try 9 questions focused on experimental design? You'll also get answers complete with illustrations and explanations while music plays in the background. This video is helpful in reviewing experimental design vocabulary, especially before biology labs. This particular video focuses on vocabulary such as: control group, constants, independent variable, dependent variable, and includes one question involving setting up the X and Y axis on a graph. It builds on experimental design concepts mentioned in our Nature of Science video here https://youtu.be/3nAETHZTObk?feature=shared This video's progress bar has divisions in the video to make it easy to skip ahead to another question if you need to move faster, and all questions/explanations are on screen if you prefer to mute the music. Experimental Design prompt is available here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NYOfC7Q8mdzUYMgqqYlghBj1GRKUKzOB/view?usp=sharing and we offer a FREE, optional video companion handout on TpT here: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Before-the-Bell-Biology-Video-Companion-by-Amoeba-Sisters-10678001 Want more of our Amoeba Sisters Before the Bell 🔔 Biology videos? Find them in our playlist HERE: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1HxSDd1lczdBdH8orrrDhB1 Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 0:05 Prompt to Read First 0:45 Question 1 1:35 Question 2 2:41 Question 3 3:39 Question 4 4:41 Question 5 5:22 Question 6 6:11 Question 7 6:54 Question 8 7:55 Question 9 ----------------------------- Need to read the *experimental design prompt* again that was presented at the beginning of this video? *Experimental Design Prompt* You want to determine if cooler or warmer temperatures* have an effect on how long the pupa stage lasts in mealworms. You place 10 mealworms in a cool environment and 10 mealworms in a warm environment. You also have 10 mealworms kept at room temperature (consider this baseline). Once they reach the pupa stage, you plan to record the average number of days they spend in this stage. *using mealworm safe temperatures You can also have a printable version of this experimental design prompt HERE: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NYOfC7Q8mdzUYMgqqYlghBj1GRKUKzOB/view?usp=sharing ----------------------------- Need help with this content? ➡️ https://youtu.be/3nAETHZTObk?feature=shared ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharingBiology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS:Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Music is used royalty-free from Camtasia's premium TechSmith Assets library: https://library.techsmith.com/en/camtasiaRoyalty-Free Licensing Agreement: https://www.storyblocks.com/licenseEnd music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. yt:video:ebIpkw3XapE ebIpkw3XapE UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb2GCoLSBXjmI_Qj1vk-44g 2024-10-01T01:45:04+00:00 2025-06-13T08:39:57+00:00 Gene Expression and Regulation Join the Amoeba Sisters as they discuss gene expression and regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This video defines gene expression and explains how gene expression relates to gene regulation before going into examples of gene regulation that can involve or impact transcription, translation, and post-translation. Operons, which are common in prokaryotes, are also mentioned. The video also emphasizes that eukaryotes have many opportunities for gene regulation while prokaryotes tend to have gene regulation focused on transcription. Table of Contents: 00:00 Intro 00:43 Gene Expression 1:10 Gene Regulation 2:17 Gene Regulation Impacting Transcription 6:03 Gene Regulation Post-Transcription Before Translation 6:59 Gene Regulation Impacting Translation 7:44 Gene Regulation Post-Translation 8:15 Video Recap Video has Virtual Check on PocketLab! 🎉 https://www.thepocketlab.com/store/pocketlab-notebook-amoeba-sisters --------------------------- FACTUAL REFERENCES Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed., New York, Garland, 2002. Clark, Mary Ann, et al. “Introduction - Biology 2e - OpenStax.” Biology 2e Openstax.org, OpenStax, 28 Mar. 2018, https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/16-1-regulation-of-gene-expression ----------------------------- FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS: Eukaryotic gene regulation is complex! More about that including enhancer sequences and DNA bending proteins: https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/16-4-eukaryotic-transcriptional-gene-regulation We just gave one quick operon example. Learn more about operons here! https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/11-7-gene-regulation-operon-theory We also have an operon video! https://youtu.be/h_1QLdtF8d0?feature=shared RNA editing? https://openstax.org/books/biology-2e/pages/15-4-rna-processing-in-eukaryotes We mentioned eIF-2 is super complex. Learn more here! https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/16-6-eukaryotic-translational-and-post-translational-gene-regulation Diseases that can involve gene regulation? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640494/ ----------------------------------------------- The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/our-videos ⭐ Our Linktree: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters ❤️ Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/support-us 🗂️ Resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing Biology Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1F0iQPGrjehze3eDpco1eVz TIPS FOR VIEWING EDU YOUTUBE VIDEOS: Want to learn tips for viewing edu YouTube videos including changing the speed, language, viewing the transcript, etc? https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/10-youtube-tips-from-an-edu-youtuber-duo MUSIC: Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire. End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library. TRANSLATIONS: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles